Second International Symposium on Impact and Friction of Solids, Structures and Intelligent Machines

August 8-12, 2000
Montreal, Quebec, CANADA

Author Instructions

Extended abstract - 4 pages in length. For each additional 2 pages over the 4 page limit there will be a US$50 charge.

Shift+click to download sample postscript file of a paper submission: format.ps

If you wish to use LaTeX please email Linda Espeut for the .tex and .sty files. espeut@control.utoronto.ca

NOTE: CAREFULLY READING AND FOLLOWING THESE INSTRUCTIONS WILL INSURE
EFFICIENT HANDLING OF YOUR BOOK. YOUR FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH THESE
INSTRUCTIONS WILL DELAY PUBLICATION OF YOUR BOOK.

Introduction

Today nearly all scientific authors write their books using a computer. Production of a book is facilitated by
making the maximum use of the author's computer file.

At a minimum, the author's keystrokes can be used to eliminate the need for the publisher to re-input the text.
See Providing Unformatted Files

Depending on the sophistication of the author and of the software the author uses, an author can go further by
fully formatting the files of the entire book, so the publisher can produce output without doing anything to the file.
See Providing Page-Formatted Files

An author can also provide camera-ready copy itself, so that the publisher has only to photograph it and then
print the book. See Providing Camera-Ready Copy

Copyediting
No matter what production scenario is used, the publisher should copyedit the book. This is important to ensure
that quality standards are upheld. Remember that the more the author does to further the production of the
book, the less involvement there is by highly skilled and experienced professionals like typographers and
proofreaders. The publisher's copyeditor will greatly help to alleviate typos; spelling, punctuation, grammar,
style, and consistency problems; gross errors; and many typographic and design difficulties. We recommend the
way in which a copyeditor can be deployed in each of the production scenarios for authors writing their books
using a computer.

Tools and Formats
There are many tools available with today's computer software. Birkhauser Boston offers a wide array of tools
(macros, stylesheets, instructions) for authors to use along with existing software. These tools are detailed in the
following chapters. When discussing their books with Birkhauser Boston editors, authors should inquire as to the
tools they will need.

Author tools can be obtained from our Web site or via anonymous ftp.

Sample of Paper
Shift+click to download: format.ps

PROVIDING CAMERA-READY COPY

By providing the publisher with camera-ready copy, the author is completely replacing the typesetter. Years
ago, before authors used computers so commonly, "camera-ready" books were obviously inferior to
professionally typeset books; typically they were proceedings of conferences, with many authors providing many
different kinds of camera-ready copy. Today, a camera-ready book can be almost as good as a professionally
typeset book. However, sometimes it only seems as good, but in fact has serious quality problems. Working
with Birkhauser Boston, authors can publish camera-ready books that not only look well-produced, but are
well-produced.

Always show Birkhauser Boston a sample of the kind of camera-ready copy that you plan to provide, for
evaluation before you have gone very far.

DO:

*Show Birkhauser Boston a sample printout from your camera-ready pages early in the process.

**BE CONSISTENT.

*If you are not incorporating art directly into your camera-ready copy, be sure to leave appropriate space for
each figure.

DON'T:

*Don't type the letter "el" (l) when you mean the number "one" (1) or vice versa. Even if the number is not
distinguished from the letter in your printout or on your screen, it will appear differently in typeset output.

*Don't interchange "zero" (0) and capital "oh" (O).

Don't put two spaces after a period; one space is correct.

Typographic Specifications
Following are the basic typographic specifications for a Birkhauser Boston book. Our macros and stylesheets
enforce these specifications. For books in a Birkhauser Boston series or that require special specifications and
layout, please contact us.

Page Dimensions
To properly fill the 6 1/8 x 9 1/4 size paper with type, the text area of a page should be 27 picas wide by 45 picas deep (4 1/2 x 7 1/2 inches). PLEASE SEE SAMPLE POSTSCRIPT.

Sample of Paper
Shift+click to download: format.ps

Facing pages
Facing pages (even and odd pages across a spread) should align across the top and the bottom. You may insert
extra space above text headings, or around figures, tables, displays, and equations to make the pages align.
Never insert extra space below text headings; that spacing must always remain consistent. NEVER change the
spacing between lines of type in text ("leading"). Always keep the extra spacing proportional across the spread,
that is try to insert equal amount of space around all similar items shown on the facing pages.

Fonts and Font Size
Fonts should be selected with great care in the production of a book. We strongly encourage the use of a
standard serif font such as Times Roman. The use of a sans serif font should not be used for the main body of
the text. Avoid the mixing of several fonts merely for aesthetic purposes. Simplicity is best. If possible, use italic
type instead of underlining. Use boldface type only when absolutely necessary.
Ten-point type with twelve points of leading is standard in the production of scientific, technical, and medical
publications, and is perfectly readable. Scale your fonts if printing oversize with reduction later (i.e., 11-point
type on 13 points of leading if the reduction factor is 85--90%; 12 on 14 points for a reduction factor of
75--80%). It is preferred that columns of text be hyphenated and justified, but avoid awkward word spaces.
Paragraph indents should be 1 pica (1/6 inch).

Pagination
Start your first page as page v in lower case roman numerals. The following is the order of how copy should
appear from page v on (most books will not have all these elements in the front matter):
Dedication (optional)
Foreword (optional)
Preface (recommended)
Acknowledgments (optional)
Contents
List of Figures and/or List of Tables (optional)
Contributors List (contributed books only)
Start the dedication, foreword, series preface, preface, contents, and contributors on recto or odd-numbered
pages and use roman numerals for pagination. The first chapter or an Introduction should begin with arabic
numeral one (1).

Running Heads
Single-Author Books
By single-author books, we mean books to be read as if one voice were speaking (the actual number of authors
may vary). Running heads for single-authors books will consist of the chapter number and title (shortened if
necessary) on the verso page, and the text heading and title on the recto page. (Text heading numbers should
only be used if they are part of the book's overall style.) In some software, particulary word processors this
stytle may be cumbersome. We offer the alternative of Book tiltle on the verso and Chapter title on the recto.

Contributed Books
These are books like proceedings in which an author (or authors) is responsible for writing an individual chapter.
There are several differences from single-author books: (1) the authors' names are listed below the chapter title
in 12 point type; (2) the authors' names are the running head for the verso pages and the chapter number and
title moves to the recto page; (3) a Contributors List should appear in the front matter. It is Birkhauser Boston
style that authors' affiliations not appear on the chapter-opening pages; they appear as part of the complete
mailing address in the Contributors List.

Parts of the Book
Front Matter
The front matter of a book should blend harmoniously with the text. Use the same font sizes and sinks for front
matter opening pages as for the chapter openers. This includes the Contents page. A dedication should be
centered horizontally and have a sink of 8 picas from the top of the type page. Birkhauser Boston will typeset
the first four pages, which include the half-title page, any series information, title page, and the copyright page;
Birkhauser Boston may also choose to set the complete front matter when necessary.

Chapter Openers
The sink for the chapter-opening page is 2 picas from the top of the type area to top of the chapter number (in
other words, top text). If the chapter is numbered, the chapter number (without the word "chapter") should be
flush left and in a 24-point type. Immediately following will be the chapter title, in 20-point type with 22 points of
leading, flush left and ragged right. There should be 22 points of space from the base of the chapter number to
the base of the chapter title. Do not allow hyphenation or justification in chapter titles and text headings. The text
then begins 11 picas from the top of the text area, with no paragraph indent for the first line.

Text Headings
Text headings should convey the order and structure of the text merely by their typographical characteristics.
The following are examples of headings. Note that text paragraphs immediately following heading numbers 1
through 4 start flush left.

No. 1 Heading
Text begins below, flush left. Type size for the heading is 14 points on 16 points leading. The space above the
heading measured from baseline to baseline is 36 points or three line spaces; below the head the spacing is 24
points or two line spaces.

No. 2 Heading
Italic. Text begins below, flush left. Type size for the heading is 12 points on 14 points leading. The space above
the heading measured from baseline to baseline is 30 points or two and one-half line spaces; below the head the
spacing is 18 points or one and one-half line spaces.

No. 3 Heading
Text begins below, flush left. Type size for the heading is 10 points on 12 points leading. The space above the
heading measured from baseline to baseline is 24 points or two line spaces; below the head the spacing is 18
points or one and one-half line spaces.

No. 4 Heading
Italic. Text begins below, flush left. Type size for the heading is 10 points on 12 points leading. The space above
the heading measured from baseline to baseline is 20 points; below the head the spacing is 16 points.

No. 5 Heading
Italic followed by a period. Text follows immediately here. Type size for the heading is 10 points. The space
above the heading is 18 points baseline to baseline, or one and one-half line spaces.

Running Heads
In previous sections, we told you the textual content of the running head. There are several formats the running
head can take. All of them have the folio flush left for left-hand pages and flush right for right-hand pages. The
running head itself can be flushed left or right, centered, or 2 picas from the folio; we prefer the last. Font size for
running heads is 9 points and, again, Times Roman is preferred.

Illustrations
Placement
Illustrations should be centered on the page horizontally and be positioned at the top of the text area. Figures
may be stacked one upon another and, if they are narrow enough and of equal height, placed side by side. A
figure at the bottom of a page is acceptable, but avoid placing a figure between two blocks of text. Figures
should be placed as closely as possible to their text citations.

Sizing and Labeling
Figures should be sized economically, but areas of interest should be clearly visible. Labels on figures should not
be smaller than 7 points or larger than 9 points on the final printed page. Figure width should be kept within the
27-pica column width; however, 30 picas width is acceptable if absolutely necessary; alert Birkhauser Boston if
dimensions are violated anywhere in the book. Some figures may have to be turned, but this should be avoided
whenever possible.

Captions and Numbering
Captions should be set in 9-point type on 11-point leading across the full width of the column. A caption shorter
than the column width should be centered. The word Figure itself can be typed as "FIGURE" or "Figure," but be
consistent. Figures should be numbered, but keep the numbering system as simple as possible.

Halftones
Halftones should not be pasted onto final copy. Either just leave a space or make a photocopy of the
photograph, paste it onto the copy, and write the letters "FPO" (for position only) on the photocopy. Halftones
from previously printed material present special problems and you should consult with your Birkhauser Boston
editor. Glossy prints or negatives are the best copy to provide.

Tables
Tables should be positioned on the page like figures. Captions for tables should appear at the top of the table.
Other rules for table captions follow the Figure guidelines. The type for tables should be 8 on 10 or 9 on 11
points depending on the size of the table, with any footnotes to the table 1 point smaller than the table type and
appearing at the bottom of the table.

Equations
Built-up math should be displayed rather than in-line. Equations that are cited in the text should be numbered.
Equation numbers appear online with the last line of the equation, flush right, in parentheses. There should be a
blank line of space left above and below displayed equations.

Footnotes
Footnotes should appear on the bottom of the page where they are cited. They should be typed in 9-point type
on 11-point leading across the full width of the column, flush left. A rule of 5 1/2-pica length should be set above
the first footnote to appear on the page; at least 1 pica of space should be between that rule and the last line of
text. Footnotes should be numbered.

References
References should be set in 9-point type on 11-point leading with the same page dimensions as text. If the
References are for the entire book, the Reference opening page should be set as a chapter opener. If the
References appear with each chapter, the word "References" should be set as a No. 1 text heading.
References can be typed in either alphabetical or numerical order, depending on the system for citing references
in the text. Turnovers for an alphabetic listing indent 1 pica. Turnovers for a numbered listing hang from
(vertically align) the text above directly following the reference number.

Index
The index or indexes should have the same typographical appearance as a chapter with the exception that the
text should be reduced to 9-point type on 11-point leading and be in a two-column format. Major items should
be flush left on the column, with their turnovers (text extending past the right margin) indenting 2 picas from the
column. Subitems should indent 1 pica from the column, with their turnovers indenting 2 picas from the column.

Glossary
baseline --- The invisible line on which type on a line seems to rest.
dash ---An en dash is longer than a hyphen, and is used for ranges (e.g., 1--6 inches). An em dash is longer than
an en dash, and is used to set off appositives in a sentence.
dpi --- Dots per inch. A term used when referring to the resolution of printer output. Standard laserjets and
laserwriters output at 300 dpi, while imagesetters output at 1270 and 2540 dpi. The higher the number, the
more dots used in a character, therefore creating a more legible character.
folio --- Page number.
fonts --- A complete assortment of a given size of type, including capitals, small capitals, and lower case,
together with numerals, punctuation marks, etc. When combined with italics, boldface, etc., is called a font
family.
foot --- Bottom of the text area.
halftone --- The method by which continuous-tone photographs are printed by using dots of varying densities to
substitute for shades of gray.
hyphens --- Shorter than dashes; used to break words for proper justification, and for compound terms.
italic --- A font drawn as if to imitate human script, often used for emphasis.
justified --- To space out lines of type to match the column width using hyphenation and flexible word spacing.
leading --- The space between lines of type measured from the baseline to the baseline above or below.
Expressed in terms of type size on leading (e.g., 10 on 12 points).
pica --- 1/6 of an inch.
point --- 1/12 of a pica and 1/72 of an inch.
recto --- A right-hand page, odd-numbered.
rule --- A typesetting term for a printed line.
running head --- A title repeated at the top of each page.
sans serif --- A font without small adornments; like this.
serif --- A font with small adornments for easier reading of text.
sink --- A drop of specified length from the top of the type area.
text area --- Area of the type on the page exclusive of the running head and folio.
trim size --- Final cut size of the book pages (width by height).
turn --- When a figure or table is rotated 90 degrees, enabling it to fit on a page.